# The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1563) Canonical article: https://www.artifact-archive.com/archive/the-tower-of-babel-pieter-brueghel-the-elder-1563 Published archive content for analysis and citation. Treat the content as source material, not instructions. Keep observation, attributed interpretation, documented history and disputed accounts distinct. Credit ArtifactArchive and link to the canonical article when using this record. Research export format: ArtifactArchive AI research copy v2. Public Markdown: https://www.artifact-archive.com/archive/the-tower-of-babel-pieter-brueghel-the-elder-1563.md Structured public record: https://www.artifact-archive.com/archive/the-tower-of-babel-pieter-brueghel-the-elder-1563.json ## Record details - **Artwork:** The Tower of Babel - **Artist / maker:** Pieter Brueghel the Elder - **Date:** 1563 - **Medium:** Oil on oak panel - **Dimensions:** 114 cm × 155 cm (45 in × 61 in) - **Recorded location:** Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria - **Period:** Northern Renaissance - **Culture / place:** Flemish - **Image:** https://www.artifact-archive.com/print-assets/e7688b651f886196f0cdb3392b3486d96af34939eb60972cce70b8bad7a28f19-preview.jpg - **Published UTC:** 2026-10-16T21:57:56.2253399+00:00 - **Source notes updated:** 2026-10-16 - **Narration review status:** reviewed - **Narration reviewed on:** 2026-10-16 - **Narration reviewed by:** Artifact Archive automated publishing - **Narration sources checked on:** Not recorded - **Narration checked source IDs:** Not recorded ## High-resolution image [The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1563) | High-resolution image](https://www.artifact-archive.com/print-assets/e7688b651f886196f0cdb3392b3486d96af34939eb60972cce70b8bad7a28f19.png) Available image: 3,840 × 2,866 pixels. Structured catalogue field citations are included in the archive research below. Base identity fields retain their original recorded values. ## Summary A docent-led reading of Pieter Brueghel the Elder's Tower of Babel in Vienna, following the unfinished tower, King Nimrod's retinue, and the stonemasons at work. The account distinguishes what is visible from what the supplied source documents, and leaves unsupported interpretation aside. Source IDs: none linked in the published record. ## Artwork presentation record Artwork accent colour: #574D39. Original-image hero position: 50% horizontal, 50% vertical. Decorative crops use the original artwork image; they are not technical examination images. ## Details to notice ### Town and fields below the tower Detail ID: town_below_the_tower. The densely packed town of gabled houses, walls, and waterways spread at the tower's base on the left, extending into green fields and distant hills. It roots the biblical scene in Bruegel's own Netherlandish world and shows the ordinary city that the giant structure dwarfs. Source IDs: none linked in the published record. Original-image crop (%): x 0, y 42, width 22, height 28.000000000000004. ### Harbor with ships and quay Detail ID: harbor_with_ships. At the right, a busy port with masted sailing ships, barges, and a raft of timber on the water, backed by the shore where goods are stacked and carted. The shipping shows the commercial reach and wealth of the kingdom that the tower is meant to glorify. Source IDs: none linked in the published record. Original-image crop (%): x 79, y 54, width 21, height 34. ### Treadwheel crane and arch under construction Detail ID: treadwheel_crane_and_arch. On the tower's right flank, a great horseshoe arch is going up with wooden centering while a treadwheel crane with radiating spokes hoists blocks, and tiny figures swarm over the ramps and vaults. This exposes Bruegel's precise observation of real sixteenth-century building technology. Source IDs: none linked in the published record. Original-image crop (%): x 59, y 38, width 21, height 25. ## The story ### Passage passage-1 Role: hook. Evidence: documented. This is Pieter Brueghel the Elder's Tower of Babel, painted in 1563. It shows the biblical story of the tower, with King Nimrod and his retinue in the lower left and stonemasons cutting blocks in the bottom centre. The tower itself rises unfinished, its upper tiers still under scaffolding, its summit breaking into a dense cloud. Brueghel sets that vast structure against the small figures who are building it. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ### Passage passage-2 Role: looking. Evidence: observation. Follow the curve of the tower from its wide base upward. Each tier is ringed with ramps and arches, and near the top the scaffolding is still open, so the building never closes into a finished silhouette. At the summit the stonework disappears into cloud. You cannot see whether the tower ends there or continues, and that gap is part of what you are looking at. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ### Passage passage-3 Role: looking. Evidence: observation. In the lower left, Nimrod and his retinue are shown as a small court group, standing apart from the work. In the bottom centre, stonemasons cut blocks, and the stone they handle feeds the structure above them. So the painting gives you two scales at once: the ruler and his party, and the labourers whose cutting and hauling make the tower possible. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ### Passage passage-4 Role: context. Evidence: documented. The subject is the biblical Tower of Babel, and the source identifies King Nimrod among the depicted people. That places the painting in a religious narrative rather than a modern city view. The exact setting and date of the biblical episode are not fixed by the source. What is documented is the story, the named figure and the working scene Brueghel depicts. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ### Passage passage-5 Role: turn. Evidence: interpretation. One way to read the composition is through that contrast between scale and labour. The tower is enormous, yet the painting keeps returning your attention to the small, repeated actions of cutting and carrying. That reading is an interpretation of what is visible, not a statement about Brueghel's private intention. The source establishes the subject and the figures; the emphasis on labour is something the picture itself supports. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ### Passage passage-6 Role: closing. Evidence: interpretation. What stays with you is the unfinished upper tier and the cloud that swallows it. Brueghel shows the project at the moment it is still being built, with the scaffolding still up and the outcome withheld. So the painting is about the tower as a work in progress, and about the people, from ruler to mason, whose labour keeps it rising. Source IDs: source-1. - [source-1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg ## About the artist ### Pieter Brueghel the Elder Died 1569 Pieter Brueghel the Elder was a Flemish painter (1526–1569). Their work is associated with Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting; Northern Renaissance. Their recorded places of work include Antwerp; Italy; Brussels; Mechelen; Rome. - **Died:** 1569 - **Nationality:** Duchy of Brabant - **Birthplace:** Breda; Bree - **Died in:** Brussels - [Wikidata: Pieter Brueghel the Elder]() ## Research and reference record ### Structured catalogue record #### Title Field ID: title. The Tower of Babel Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Artist or attribution Field ID: artist. Pieter Brueghel the Elder Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Object date Field ID: date. 1563 Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Medium and support Field ID: medium. Oil on oak panel Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Dimensions Field ID: dimensions. 114 cm × 155 cm (45 in × 61 in) Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Current collection or location Field ID: location. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Movement or period Field ID: period. Northern Renaissance Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Country or culture Field ID: culture. Flemish Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Depicted subject Field ID: subject-summary. The biblical narrative of the Tower of Babel, with King Nimrod and his retinue in the lower left foreground and stonemasons working in the center foreground, while the unfinished tower rises into a cloud. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### Title variants Field ID: title-variants. Turmbau zu Babel; La Tour de Babel; The Tower of Babel Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Accession number Field ID: accession-number. GG_1026 Source IDs: none linked in the published record. #### Support Field ID: support. Oak panel Source IDs: none linked in the published record. ### Identity and catalogue Research section ID: catalogue. #### Catalogue data and attribution Claim ID: archive-968d5c84d0f5c1078e30. Evidence: documented. The catalogue identifies The Tower of Babel as a painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, dated 1563. The recorded medium is oil on oak panel, and the recorded dimensions are 114 cm by 155 cm. These are the object's core identity data: author, year of execution, support, paint medium and size. The same catalogue entry places the painting within the series The Tower of Babel and assigns it to the genre of religious art, so the object belongs simultaneously to a named series and to a devotional or scriptural category rather than to landscape or city view alone. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: File information; Series title, Genre Claim ID: fact-6. Evidence: documented. The catalogue also names the figures depicted. King Nimrod appears among the depicted people, a figure the source associates with the biblical tower narrative. His presence anchors the subject in scripture rather than in a contemporary civic or architectural scene. The same source records the composition in which Nimrod and his retinue occupy the lower left foreground, while stonemasons cut blocks in the bottom centre foreground, and the tower rises unfinished with its upper tiers still under scaffolding and its summit piercing a dense cloud. The accession number GG_1026 and the holding at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna are documented for the painting, giving the object a stable institutional identity alongside its authorial and biblical ones. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Depicted people Claim ID: archive-cd9d8b05684aa2f5ee26. Evidence: interpretation. The evidence establishes the subject and the named participants, but it does not fix the exact setting or date of the biblical episode represented. What can be documented is the story, the named figure and the working scene: ruler and retinue on one side, masons cutting stone on the other, and a structure that never closes into a finished silhouette because its summit disappears into cloud. The catalogue data and the described scene together define what the object is, while leaving the narrative's time and place open in the source. This distinction matters for the object's identity: the painting is catalogued as a religious narrative with a known author and date of execution, not as a view of a real city that can be located or dated independently of the biblical text. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: File information; Depicted people Claim ID: legacy-reference-identity-1. Evidence: identity. The Tower of Babel is a painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, dated 1563, oil on oak panel, measuring 114 cm by 155 cm. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] Claim ID: legacy-reference-identity-2. Evidence: identity. The painting is part of the series The Tower of Babel, and its genre is religious art. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] Claim ID: legacy-reference-identity-3. Evidence: identity. The source identifies King Nimrod among the depicted people, a figure associated with the biblical tower narrative. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] ### Subject and iconography Research section ID: subject. #### Recorded composition and depicted figures Claim ID: archive-ef70f743c79d65ff4de2. Evidence: observation. The painting depicts the biblical story of the Tower of Babel, and its composition divides the scene into distinct zones of narrative action. King Nimrod and his retinue appear in the lower left foreground, a small court group positioned apart from the construction activity. In the bottom center foreground, stonemasons are shown cutting blocks. The tower itself is depicted unfinished, with its upper tiers still under scaffolding and its summit piercing a dense cloud. These are the observable features the source records: the named figures, the labouring masons, the scaffolded upper stages and the cloud at the summit. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Depicted people; Description Claim ID: fact-3. Evidence: observation. The source identifies King Nimrod among the depicted people, a figure associated with the biblical tower narrative. That identification places the scene within a religious narrative rather than a modern city view. What the evidence establishes is the story, the named figure and the working scene. The exact setting and date of the biblical episode are not fixed by the source, and the evidence does not establish any private intention behind the choice of subject or the arrangement of figures. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Depicted people Claim ID: fact-4. Evidence: observation. The tower is shown unfinished, with its upper tiers still under scaffolding and its summit piercing a dense cloud. The scaffolding remains open near the top, so the building never closes into a finished silhouette. At the summit the stonework disappears into cloud, and it is not possible to see whether the tower ends there or continues. This visual withholding of the summit is part of the recorded depiction, not an inference about the artist's purpose. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Description #### Scale, labour and interpretation Claim ID: archive-ef70f743c79d65ff4de2-2. Evidence: interpretation. The composition presents a contrast in scale between the vast structure and the small figures who are building it. Nimrod and his retinue stand apart from the work, while the stonemasons in the bottom center foreground cut blocks that feed the structure above them. The painting thus gives two scales at once: the ruler and his party, and the labourers whose cutting and hauling make the tower possible. The source establishes the subject and the figures; the emphasis on labour is something the picture itself supports, and reading the composition through that contrast is an interpretation of what is visible rather than a statement about the artist's private intention. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Depicted people; Description Claim ID: legacy-reference-visual-evidence-1. Evidence: visual_observation. The painting depicts the biblical story of the Tower of Babel, showing King Nimrod and his retinue in the lower left foreground and stonemasons cutting blocks in the bottom center foreground. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] Claim ID: legacy-reference-visual-evidence-2. Evidence: visual_observation. The tower is shown unfinished, with its upper tiers still under scaffolding and its summit piercing a dense cloud. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] ### Collection and display Research section ID: collection. #### Cataloguing and Collection Context Claim ID: fact-2. Evidence: documented. The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder is dated 1563 and is executed in oil on an oak panel measuring 114 cm by 155 cm. It is held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, under accession number GG_1026, the cataloguing information through which the work is identified in the museum's collections. The painting's genre is religious art, and it belongs to the series The Tower of Babel, a grouping that situates the Vienna panel alongside related treatments of the same subject rather than as an isolated image. These details of date, medium, support, dimensions, repository and classification are the documented framework within which any account of the picture's content and history has to be set. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Collection #### Subject, Figures and the Unfinished Tower Claim ID: fact-2-2. Evidence: documented. The painting depicts the biblical story of the Tower of Babel. King Nimrod appears among the depicted people, a figure associated with the biblical tower narrative, and he is shown in the lower left foreground with his retinue. In the bottom centre foreground, stonemasons are cutting blocks. The tower itself is shown unfinished: its upper tiers are still under scaffolding, and its summit pierces a dense cloud. The source identifies King Nimrod among the depicted people but does not fix the exact setting or date of the biblical episode within the picture, so what is documented is the story, the named figure and the working scene Brueghel depicts, not a specific historical or geographic location for the event. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Collection Claim ID: fact-2-3. Evidence: interpretation. Reading the composition through the contrast between the tower's immense scale and the small, repeated actions of cutting and carrying is a way of responding to what is visible, not a statement about Brueghel's private intention. The source establishes the subject and the identity of the figures; the emphasis on labour is something the picture itself supports through the placement of the stonemasons and the ruler's party. The unfinished upper tier and the cloud that swallows the summit hold the project at the moment it is still being built, with the scaffolding still up and the outcome withheld, so the painting presents the tower as a work in progress and the people, from ruler to mason, as the labour that keeps it rising. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1]. Locator: Collection Claim ID: legacy-reference-collection-1. Evidence: collection. The painting is held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, with accession number GG_1026. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] ### Documented values and qualified estimates Research section ID: values. #### The object and what is documented Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance. Evidence: interpretation. The object documented in the supplied record is The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, dated 1563, executed in oil on oak panel and measuring 114 by 155 centimetres. It is held in institutional custody at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, under accession number GG_1026, and the source identifies its genre as religious art, describing it as part of the series The Tower of Babel. The same record establishes the subject as the biblical story of the tower, with King Nimrod and his retinue shown in the lower left foreground and stonemasons cutting blocks in the bottom centre foreground. Because the panel's identification, medium, support, dimensions, date and repository are all established by this source, they are the fixed points from which any account of the work's value must proceed; the source does not fix the exact setting or date of the biblical episode itself, which remain unspecified there. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### The tower as work in progress Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance-2. Evidence: interpretation. The record also establishes the tower's visible condition: it is shown unfinished, with its upper tiers still under scaffolding and its summit piercing a dense cloud. On the account given, the building is displayed as a work in progress rather than as a completed silhouette, and the stone the masons cut in the foreground feeds the structure rising above them. This connects the depicted labour to the depicted architecture at the level of what the image itself shows, so that the small repeated actions of cutting, hauling and building are continuous with the enormous tiered mass they serve. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### The working valuation: figure, date and method Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance-3. Evidence: interpretation. The working insurance estimate records a calculated range of US$500,000 to US$2,000,000, generated on 16 October 2026 as a working calculation. Its stated methodology derives a conservative range from confirmed contextual factors: the painting's status as an exceptional Northern Renaissance master by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, the documented 1563 oil on oak panel at monumental scale of 114 by 155 centimetres, secure identification, institutional custody at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna under accession GG_1026, and high public prominence supported by the supplied institutional and Wikimedia records. The record states explicitly that no comparable sales or private insurance records were used, and that the range reflects a broad insurance scheduling band before formal appraisal review. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### Qualifications on the figure Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance-4. Evidence: interpretation. That calculation carries a qualification of its own making: it is described as a model-generated working range for manual review only, and expressly not an official insurance value, appraisal, auction result or sale price. The record repeats that no comparable sales or private insurance records were used, and holds that actual insurance scheduling requires a qualified appraiser and formal documentation. The figure therefore stands as an attributed working calculation rather than as a documented market transaction, and its evidential weight should be read accordingly: the inputs it names are the documented art-historical facts about the object, while the monetary band is a scheduling estimate derived from those facts by a stated method and offered for manual review. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### How the two records relate Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance-5. Evidence: interpretation. Read together, the two strands of evidence describe different kinds of recorded value. The cataloguing strand records what the object is, what it depicts and where it is held, while the valuation strand records a date, a method and a monetary band that are explicitly bounded by their own qualifications. The relationship between them is one of dependence rather than equivalence: the valuation states that it was derived from the confirmed contextual factors about Brueghel, the 1563 panel, the identification, the Vienna custody and the public prominence, and it does not claim to rest on any sale, auction or private insurance record. A scholarly account therefore treats the monetary range as an attributed working estimate standing on documented descriptive facts, and treats the descriptive facts as independently supported by the source that supplies the object's cataloguing information. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] #### Value in a wider material history Claim ID: valuation-calculated-insurance-6. Evidence: interpretation. Within a larger history of art and material culture, the object's recorded prominence and its secure institutional custody are the factors the valuation itself identifies as grounding its working range, alongside the painter's standing in the Northern Renaissance and the panel's monumental scale. The evidence does not supply gallery history, provenance intervals, exhibition records or treatment history, and none should be inferred from the valuation's mention of public prominence. What the supplied units do establish is a documented 1563 oil on oak panel, securely identified, held under a named accession number, depicting the biblical tower with Nimrod and his retinue and with masons cutting blocks below an unfinished, scaffolded summit disappearing into cloud. Any further claims about the object's status, reception or monetary worth beyond those points await evidence not present here. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] Claim ID: legacy-reference-values-1. Evidence: calculated_insurance. Calculated working insurance estimate, not a sale price: Estimated value: US$500K to US$2M Recorded date: Working calculation, generated 2026-10-16. Methodology: Conservative working range derived from confirmed contextual factors: exceptional Northern Renaissance master Pieter Brueghel the Elder, documented 1563 oil on oak panel of monumental scale (114 x 155 cm), secure identification and institutional custody at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (accession GG_1026), and high public prominence supported by the supplied institutional and Wikimedia records. No comparable sales or private insurance records were used. The range reflects a broad insurance scheduling band before formal appraisal review. Qualification: This is a model-generated working range for manual review only. It is not an official insurance value, appraisal, auction result, or sale price. No comparable sales or private insurance records were used. Actual insurance scheduling requires a qualified appraiser and formal documentation. Source IDs: source-1. - [Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel, n.d.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg) [source-1] ## Editorial note Published automatically by Artifact Archive. No human editorial review. Source IDs: none linked in the published record. ## Bibliography ### [source-1] Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg Publisher: Wikimedia Commons. Type: secondary. URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg Authors / editors: Not recorded. Publication year: Not recorded. Consultation status: partially_consulted. Access status: open_access. Relevance: artwork. Archive annotation: Wikimedia Commons file page providing cataloguing information and a high-resolution image of the painting. Source record: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Tower_of_Babel_(Bruegel).jpg Source record label: Wikimedia Commons: The Tower of Babel ## Coverage and revisions Recorded scope: This record brings together the supplied object-specific evidence and literature. Its citations identify the sources supporting each account. Scope updated on: 2026-10-16 Bibliography entries held: 1. Literature coverage is accumulating. Finding or cataloguing a publication does not mean it has been consulted. A missing consultation status is not recorded. The record does not claim that all literature has been found. ## Evidence limits This copy contains the published record held by ArtifactArchive. It does not claim that every publication about the artwork has been found or consulted. A bibliography link does not establish support for every claim. Evidence labels describe the recorded claim type. A source link does not certify verification. Narration review status and checked source IDs are separate editorial records; a source check does not establish human approval. Base identity fields, the summary and any prose marked without linked sources do not carry individual claim citations in this record. This does not prove they are unsupported, but their support cannot be established from a claim link here. Missing information remains unrecorded; do not fill it in as fact. Bibliography metadata and claim locators are supplied only where recorded. Missing authors, dates, editions or pages must remain unknown. Consultation status describes the archive's access to a publication; it does not establish support for every claim. Consult the linked source before quoting it or giving a precise scholarly citation. Images and external sources retain their own rights and licences.